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True Virginal Wife of Joseph Homiletic and Pastoral Review

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Christian saint; hubby of Mary and legal father of Jesus

Saint

Joseph
Guido Reni - St Joseph with the Infant Jesus - WGA19304.jpg

Saint Joseph with the Babe Jesus by Guido Reni, c.  1635

Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Legal begetter of Jesus
Prince and Patron of the Universal Church
Guardian of the Holy Family
Venerated in All Christian denominations that venerate saints
Feast 19 March – Saint Joseph, Married man of Mary (Western Christianity)

The tertiary Wed later on Easter Sun – The Solemnity of Saint Joseph, spouse of the Blest Virgin Mary and Patron of the Universal Church building (Catholic Church)
one May – Memorial of Saint Joseph the Worker (Catholic Church) The Sunday subsequently the Nativity of the Lord (Eastern Christianity)

Monday after sixth Sunday later feast of the Holy Cantankerous (Armenian Apostolic Church)[one]
Attributes Carpenter'south foursquare or tools, holding the baby Jesus Christ, staff with lily blossoms, two turtle doves, and the rod of spikenard.
Patronage Catholic Church building, amid others fathers, workers, married people, persons living in exile, the ill and dying, for a holy death

Joseph (Hebrew: יוסף, romanized: Yosef ; Greek: Ἰωσήφ, romanized: Ioséph ) was a 1st-century Jewish homo of Nazareth who, according to the approved Gospels, was married to Mary, the mother of Jesus, and was the legal father of Jesus.[2]

The Gospels besides name some brothers of Jesus,[3] who may also have been the sons of Joseph from an earlier spousal relationship; the Gospel of James, an apocryphal work of the late 2d century, and Epiphanius theorized this view. This position is still held in the Orthodox churches, just the Western church holds to Jerome'south argument that both Joseph and Mary must accept been lifelong virgins and that the "brothers" must have been cousins of Jesus. Perspectives on Joseph as a historical figure are distinguished from a theological reading of the Gospel texts.[4]

Joseph is venerated as Saint Joseph in the Cosmic Church, Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Church and Anglicanism. His feast day is observed by some Lutherans.[5] [6] In Catholic traditions, Joseph is regarded as the patron saint of workers and is associated with various feast days. The calendar month of March is dedicated to Saint Joseph. Pope Pius IX declared him to be both the patron and the protector of the Catholic Church building, in addition to his patronages of the sick and of a happy death, due to the conventionalities that he died in the presence of Jesus and Mary. Joseph has become patron of diverse dioceses and places. Being a patron saint of the virgins, besides, he is venerated as "almost chaste".[7] [8] A specific veneration is tributed to the most chaste and pure heart of Saint Joseph.[9] [10]

Several venerated images of Saint Joseph have been granted a decree of approved coronation by a pontiff. Religious iconography oft depicts him with lilies or spikenard. With the present-day growth of Mariology, the theological field of Josephology has as well grown and since the 1950s centers for studying it have been formed.[11] [12]

In the New Attestation [edit]

The Pauline epistles are the oldest extant Christian writings.[thirteen] These mention Jesus' mother (without naming her), but practice non refer to his male parent. The Gospel of Mark, believed to be the get-go gospel to exist written and with a date about two decades afterwards Paul, also does not mention Jesus' father.[xiv]

The first appearance of Joseph is in the gospels of Matthew and Luke, often dated from around lxxx–ninety Advert. Each contains a genealogy of Jesus showing ancestry from Rex David, only through different sons; Matthew follows the major majestic line from Solomon, while Luke traces another line back to Nathan, some other son of David and Bathsheba. Consequently, all the names between David and Joseph are different.

Similar the two differing genealogies, the infancy narratives appear only in Matthew and Luke and have different approaches to reconciling the requirement that the Messiah be born in Bethlehem with the tradition that Jesus in fact came from Nazareth. In Matthew, Joseph obeys the direction of an angel to marry Mary. Following the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, Joseph is told by an angel in a dream to accept the family to Egypt to escape the massacre of the children of Bethlehem planned by Herod, the ruler of the Roman province of Judea. One time Herod has died, an angel tells Joseph to return only to avoid Herod's son, and he takes his wife and the kid to Nazareth in Galilee and settles there. Thus in Matthew, the infant Jesus, similar Moses, is in peril from a cruel king, like Moses he has a (fore)father named Joseph who goes down to Egypt, like the Old Testament Joseph this Joseph has a father named Jacob, and both Josephs receive important dreams foretelling their future.[fifteen]

In the Gospel book of Luke, Joseph already lives in Nazareth, and Jesus is born in Bethlehem because Joseph and Mary accept to travel in that location to be counted in a census. Subsequently, Jesus was born in that location. Luke's business relationship makes no mention of him existence visited by angels (Mary and various others instead receive similar visitations), the Massacre of the Innocents, or of a visit to Egypt.

The last time Joseph appears in person in whatsoever of the approved Gospels is in the narrative of the Passover visit to the Temple in Jerusalem when Jesus is 12 years sometime, which is institute just in Luke. No mention is made of him thereafter.[16] The story emphasizes Jesus' awareness of his coming mission: here Jesus speaks to his parents (both of them) of "my father," meaning God, but they fail to sympathize (Luke 2:41–51).

Christian tradition represents Mary as a widow during the adult ministry of her son. Joseph is not mentioned as being present at the Wedding at Cana at the beginning of Jesus' mission, nor at the Passion at the end. If he had been present at the Crucifixion, he would under Jewish custom have been expected to take charge of Jesus' body, but this function is instead performed by Joseph of Arimathea. Nor would Jesus have entrusted his mother to the care of John the Apostle if her husband had been alive.[17]

While none of the Gospels mentions Joseph every bit present at any result during Jesus' adult ministry building, the synoptic Gospels share a scene in which the people of Nazareth, Jesus' hometown, doubt Jesus' status as a prophet because they know his family. In Mark 6:iii, they telephone call Jesus "Mary's son" instead of naming his father. In Matthew, the townspeople call Jesus "the carpenter's son," once more without naming his begetter. (Matthew xiii:53–55) In Luke three:23 NIV: "Now Jesus himself was about thirty years old when he began his ministry building. He was the son, and so information technology was thought, of Joseph, the son of Heli," (Luke iv:sixteen–30); or alternatively punctuated: "(ὡς ἐνομ. τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ) τοῦ Ἡλί, 'the son (as supposed of Joseph, only in reality) of Heli'".[18] In Luke the tone of the gimmicky people is positive, whereas in Mark and Matthew information technology is disparaging.[xix] This incident does not appear in John, but in a parallel story the disbelieving neighbors refer to "Jesus the son of Joseph, whose father and female parent we know" (John six:41–51).

Mentions in the Gospels [edit]

The Gospels on Saint Joseph
No. Event Matthew Mark Luke John
1 Joseph lived in Nazareth Luke ii:4
ii Genealogy of Jesus Matthew one:i–17 Solomon to Jacob Luke 3:23 Nathan to Heli
three Joseph Betrothed to Mary Matthew one:18
iv Angel visits Joseph (1st dream) Matthew ane:20–21
5 Joseph and Mary travel to Bethlehem Luke 2:one–5
half dozen Birth of Jesus Matthew i:25 Luke two:6–7
7 Temple presentation Luke 2:22–24
8 Angel tells Joseph to flee (2nd dream) Matthew 2:13
9 Flight into Arab republic of egypt Matthew 2:14–15
ten Affections tells Joseph to render to Nazareth (third dream) Matthew ii:19–20
xi Joseph and family settle in Nazareth Matthew 2:21–23 Luke 2:39
12 Finding Jesus in the Temple Luke 2:41–51
13 Holy Family John vi:41–42

Lineage [edit]

Joseph appears in Luke as the father of Jesus and in a "variant reading in Matthew".[20] Matthew and Luke both incorporate a genealogy of Jesus showing his ancestry from David, merely through dissimilar sons; Matthew follows the major majestic line from Solomon, while Luke traces another line back to Nathan, another son of David and Bathsheba. Consequently, all the names between David and Joseph are different. According to Matthew 1:16 "Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary", while according to Luke 3:23, Joseph is said to be "the son of Heli".

The variances between the genealogies given in Matthew and Luke are explained in a number of ways; one possibility is that Matthew'due south genealogy traces Jesus' legal descent, according to Jewish law, through Joseph; while Luke's genealogy traces his actual physical descent through Mary.[21] [22]

Professional person life [edit]

In the Gospels, Joseph's occupation is mentioned merely in one case. The Gospel of Matthew[13:55] asks about Jesus:

Is not this the carpenter's son (ho tou tektōnos huios)?

Joseph's clarification as a "tekton" (τέκτων) has been traditionally translated into English language equally "carpenter", only is a rather general give-and-take (from the aforementioned root that gives us "technical" and "applied science"[23]) that could cover makers of objects in diverse materials.[24] The Greek term evokes an artisan with forest in general, or an artisan in iron or stone.[25] But the specific association with woodworking is a constant in Early on Christian tradition; Justin Martyr (died c. 165) wrote that Jesus made yokes and ploughs, and there are similar early references.[26]

Other scholars have argued that tekton could equally hateful a highly skilled craftsman in forest or the more prestigious metal, perhaps running a workshop with several employees, and noted sources recording the shortage of skilled artisans at the time.[27] Geza Vermès has stated that the terms 'carpenter' and 'son of a carpenter' are used in the Jewish Talmud to signify a very learned man, and he suggests that a description of Joseph as 'naggar' (a carpenter) could indicate that he was considered wise and highly literate in the Torah.[28] At the time of Joseph, Nazareth was an obscure village in Galilee, about 65 kilometres (twoscore mi) from the Holy Urban center of Jerusalem, and is barely mentioned in surviving non-Christian texts and documents.[29] [30] [31] [32] Archaeology over most of the site is fabricated impossible by subsequent building, but from what has been excavated and tombs in the area effectually the village, it is estimated that the population was at most about 400.[33] Information technology was, however, only well-nigh 6 kilometers from the city of Sepphoris, which was destroyed and depopulated by the Romans in four BC, and thereafter was expensively rebuilt. Analysis of the mural and other evidence suggest that in Joseph's lifetime Nazareth was "oriented toward" the nearby city,[34] which had an overwhelmingly Jewish population although with many signs of Hellenization,[35] and historians have speculated that Joseph and later Jesus too might take traveled daily to work on the rebuilding. Specifically the large theatre in the city has been suggested, although this has aroused much controversy over dating and other problems.[36] Other scholars see Joseph and Jesus as the full general village craftsmen, working in wood, stone, and metal on a wide diverseness of jobs.[37]

Modern appraisal [edit]

Decease of Saint Joseph, following the apocryphal business relationship. Jacques Stella, 1650s

The proper noun "Joseph" is found almost exclusively in the genealogies and the infancy narratives.[38] [39] Modern positions on the question of the relationship between Joseph and the Virgin Mary vary. The Eastern Orthodox Church, which names Joseph'southward first wife as Salome , holds that Joseph was a widower and betrothed to Mary,[forty] and that references to Jesus' "brothers" were children of Joseph from a previous spousal relationship. The position of the Catholic Church, derived from the writings of Jerome, is that Joseph was the husband of Mary, but that references to Jesus' "brothers" should be understood to mean cousins. Such usage is prevalent throughout history, and occurs elsewhere in the Bible. Abraham's nephew Lot (Genesis 11:26-28) was referred to as his blood brother (Genesis fourteen:14), equally was Jacob'due south uncle Laban (Genesis 29:15). Jesus himself oft used the discussion "brother" every bit a generic term for i'due south fellow man. This custom has continued into modern times, with close friends, colleagues, and beau churchgoers often called "brothers and sisters." Mostly, sure Protestants read "brothers and sisters" of Jesus equally referring specifically to children built-in of Mary. The doctrine of the Perpetual virginity of Mary ways among other things that Joseph and Mary never had sexual relations.

The term kiddushin, which refers to the commencement function of a two-role marriage, is frequently translated equally "betrothal". Couples who fulfill the requirements of the kiddushin are married, until decease or divorce.[41] [42] [43]

Decease [edit]

The New Testament has no mention of Joseph'due south death, but he is never mentioned afterward Jesus's childhood, and Mary is always presented as by herself, often dressed as a widow, in other texts and art covering the menstruum of the ministry and passion of Jesus. By contrast, the apocryphal History of Joseph the Carpenter, from the fifth or 6th century, has a long account of Joseph'south peaceful death, at the historic period of 111, in the presence of Jesus (aged most 19), Mary and angels. This scene starts to appear in art in the 17th century.[44]

Later apocryphal writings [edit]

The canonical gospels created a problem: they stated clearly that Mary was a virgin when she conceived Jesus, and that Joseph was not his father; yet Joseph'due south paternity was essential to constitute Jesus' Davidic descent. The theological situation was complicated by the gospel references to Jesus' "brothers and sisters" (repeated in Paul, where James is called the "brother of the Lord"), and past the fact that Jesus was described unambiguously by John and Matthew as "Joseph's son" and "the carpenter'south son".[45] From the second century to the 5th writers tried to explain how Jesus could be simultaneously the "son of God" and the "son of Joseph".[45]

"The first to offer a solution was the counterfeit Gospel of James (also known every bit the Protoevangelium of James), written about 150 Advertizement. The original gospels never refer to Joseph'south historic period, just the writer presents him as an onetime human being chosen by lot (i.e., by God) to scout over the Virgin. Jesus' brothers are presented as Joseph's children by an earlier marriage."[46]

The apocryphal History of Joseph the Carpenter, written in the 5th century and framed as a biography of Joseph dictated by Jesus, describes how Joseph, aged 90, a widower with four sons and two daughters, is given accuse of the twelve-year-one-time Mary, who then lives in his household raising his youngest son James the Less (the supposed author of the Protoevangelium) until she is ready to be married at age 14½. Joseph'due south death at the historic period of 111, attended by angels and asserting the perpetual virginity of Mary, takes upwards approximately half the story.[47]

Church building Fathers [edit]

According to the bishop of Salamis, Epiphanius, in his work The Panarion (Advertising 374–375) Joseph became the father of James and his three brothers (Joses, Simeon, Judah) and ii sisters (a Salome and a Mary[48] or a Salome and an Anna[49]) with James being the eldest sibling. James and his siblings were non children of Mary but were Joseph'south children from a previous marriage. After Joseph'due south first wife died, many years later when he was eighty, "he took Mary (mother of Jesus)".[l] [51]

Eusebius of Caesarea relates in his Church building History (Book Three, ch. xi) that "Hegesippus records that Clopas was a blood brother of Joseph and an uncle of Jesus."[52] Epiphanius adds that Joseph and Cleopas were brothers, sons of "Jacob, surnamed Panther."[53]

Origen quotes the Greek philosopher and opponent of early Christianity Celsus (from his piece of work On the True Doctrine, c. 178 AD) as controversially asserting that Joseph left Mary upon learning of her pregnancy: "...when she was significant she was turned out of doors by the carpenter to whom she had been matrimonial, as having been guilty of adultery, and that she bore a kid to a sure soldier named Panthera."[54] Origen, however, argues that Celsus's merits was a made story.[55]

Veneration [edit]

Holy Family with the Holy Spirit past Murillo, 1675–1682

The earliest records of a formal devotional following for Saint Joseph date to the year 800 and references to him every bit Nutritor Domini (educator/guardian of the Lord) began to appear in the ninth century, and continued growing to the 14th century.[56] [57] [58] Thomas Aquinas discussed the necessity of the presence of Saint Joseph in the plan of the Incarnation for if Mary had not been married, the Jews would have stoned her and that in his youth Jesus needed the intendance and protection of a human male parent.[59] [sixty]

In the 15th century, major steps were taken by Bernardine of Siena, Pierre d'Ailly, and Jean Gerson.[56] Gerson wrote Consideration sur Saint Joseph and preached sermons on Saint Joseph at the Council of Constance.[61] In 1889 Pope Leo XIII issued the encyclical Quamquam pluries in which he urged Catholics to pray to Saint Joseph, as the patron of the church in view of the challenges facing the church. Also, Leo stated that Saint Joseph "prepare himself to protect with a mighty dearest and a daily solicitude his spouse and the Divine Babe; regularly by his work he earned what was necessary for the 1 and the other for nourishment and habiliment"[62]

Josephology, the theological study of Saint Joseph, is one of the most recent theological disciplines.[63] In 1989, on the occasion of the centenary of Quamquam pluries Pope John Paul II issued Redemptoris Custos (Guardian of the Redeemer), which presented Saint Joseph's role in the program of redemption, every bit role of the "redemption documents" issued by John Paul II such as Redemptoris Mater to which it refers.[64] [65] [66] [67]

Together with the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Kid Jesus, Joseph is one of the three members of the Holy Family; since he only appears in the birth narratives of the Gospels, Jesus is depicted equally a child when with him. The formal veneration of the Holy Family began in the 17th century past François de Laval.

In 1962, Pope John XXIII inserted the name of Joseph in the Canon of the Mass, immediately after that of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In 2013, Pope Francis had his name added to the 3 other Eucharistic Prayers.[68]

Feast days [edit]

Feast of Saint Joseph
Guido Reni - Saint Joseph and the Christ Child - Google Art Project.jpg

Saint Joseph and the Christ Child by Guido Reni, 1640
Observed by Catholic Church
Lutheran Church
Celebrations Carrying blessed fava beans, wearing red-coloured clothing, assembling dwelling altars dedicated to Saint Joseph, attending a Saint Joseph's Day parade
Observances Church attendance at Mass or Divine Service
Begins 19 March
Frequency annual

Saint Joseph's Day [edit]

19 March, Saint Joseph's Day, has been the primary feast day of Saint Joseph in Western Christianity[69] [seventy] since the 10th century, and is celebrated by Catholics, Anglicans, many Lutherans, and other denominations.[71] In Eastern Orthodoxy, the feast day of Saint Joseph is celebrated on the Beginning Lord's day after the Nativity of Christ. In the Catholic Church building, the Feast of Saint Joseph (19 March) is a solemnity (first class if using the Tridentine calendar), and is transferred to another date if impeded (i.e., nineteen March falling on Sun or in Holy Week).[ citation needed ]

Joseph is remembered in the Church of England with a Festival on 19 March.[72]

Popular customs among Christians of various liturgical traditions observing Saint Joseph's Day are attention Mass or the Divine Service, wearing reddish-coloured clothing, carrying dried fava beans that accept been blessed, and assembling dwelling house altars dedicated to Saint Joseph.[73]

In Sicily, where Saint Joseph is regarded by many as their patron saint, and in many Italian-American communities, cheers are given to Saint Joseph (San Giuseppe in Italian) for preventing a famine in Sicily during the Center Ages. According to legend, there was a astringent drought at the time, and the people prayed for their patron saint to bring them rain. They promised that if God answered their prayers through Joseph'south intercession, they would prepare a large feast to accolade him. The rain did come, and the people of Sicily prepared a large feast for their patron saint. The fava bean was the ingather which saved the population from starvation and is a traditional part of Saint Joseph'southward Day altars and traditions. Giving food to the needy is a Saint Joseph's Day custom. In some communities it is traditional to wear blood-red habiliment and swallow a Neapolitan pastry known as a zeppola (created in 1840 by Don Pasquale Pinatauro in Naples) on Saint Joseph's Day.[74] Maccu di San Giuseppe is a traditional Sicilian dish that consists of various ingredients and maccu that is prepared on this day.[75] Maccu is a foodstuff and soup that dates to ancient times which is prepared with fava beans as a primary ingredient.[75]

Upon a typical Saint Joseph's Day altar, people place flowers, limes, candles, vino, fava beans, specially prepared cakes, breads, cookies, other meatless dishes, and zeppole. Foods are traditionally served containing breadstuff crumbs to stand for sawdust since Joseph was a carpenter. Because the feast occurs during Lent, traditionally no meat was allowed on the celebration table. The altar ordinarily has three tiers, to represent the Trinity.[76]

Saint Joseph the Worker [edit]

In 1870, Pope Pius IX declared Joseph patron of the Universal Church and instituted another banquet, a solemnity with an octave, to exist held in his honor on Wednesday in the second week after Easter. In 1955, Pope Pius XII introduced the feast of Saint Joseph the Worker on 1 May in the Full general Roman Calendar as an ecclesiasical counterpart to the International Workers' 24-hour interval on the same day.[77] This reflects Saint Joseph's status as patron of workers. Pius XII. established the feast both to laurels Saint Joseph, and to make people aware of the dignity of human work.[78]

Patris corde and Year of Saint Joseph [edit]

Pope Francis on 8 December 2020, released the apostolic alphabetic character Patris corde on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the declaration by Pius Ix, on 8 December 1870, of Saint Joseph every bit patron of the Universal Church; for the same reason he alleged a Year of Saint Joseph, from 8 Dec 2020, to 8 December 2021.[79] [80]

Patronage [edit]

Pope Pius Nine proclaimed Saint Joseph the patron of the Universal Church building in 1870. Having died in the "artillery of Jesus and Mary" co-ordinate to Catholic tradition, he is considered the model of the pious believer who receives grace at the moment of expiry, in other words, the patron of a happy death.[81]

Saint Joseph is well known as the patron saint of fathers, both families and virgins, workers, especially carpenters, expecting mothers and unborn children. Among many others, he is the patron saint of attorneys and barristers, emigrants, travelers and house hunters. He is invoked against and hesitation and for the grace of a holy expiry.[82]

Places, churches, and institutions [edit]

Many cities, towns, and locations are named afterward Saint Joseph. According to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the Spanish form, San Jose, is the virtually mutual place name in the world. Probably the well-nigh-recognized San Joses are San José, Republic of costa rica, and San Jose, California, United States, given their proper noun by Spanish colonists. Joseph is the patron saint of the New World; and of the regions Carinthia, Styria, Tyrol, Sicily; and of several main cities and dioceses.[ citation needed ]

Many churches, monasteries and other institutions are defended to Saint Joseph. Saint Joseph's Oratory is the largest church in Canada, with the largest dome of its kind in the world after that of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. Elsewhere in the world churches named afterwards the saint may exist known as those of San Giuseppe, e.g. San Giuseppe dei Teatini, San José, east.g. Metropolitan Cathedral of San José or São José, eastward.k. in Porto Alegre, Brazil.[ commendation needed ]

The Sisters of St. Joseph were founded equally an order in 1650 and have near 14,013 members worldwide. In 1871, the Josephite Fathers of the Catholic Church were created under the patronage of Joseph, intending to piece of work with the poor. The first Josephites in America re-devoted their function of the order to ministry within the newly emancipated African American community. The Oblates of St. Joseph were founded in 1878 by Joseph Marello. In 1999 their Shrine of Saint Joseph the Guardian of the Redeemer was named after the Churchly exhortation Redemptoris Custos.[83]

Prayers and devotions [edit]

In the Eastern Orthodox Church building, during the banquet day of Saint Joseph the following hymn is chanted:

Verily, Joseph the betrothed, saw clearly in his old age that the foresayings of the Prophets had
been fulfilled openly; for he was given an odd earnest,
receiving inspiration from the angels,
who cried, Glory to God; for he hath bestowed peace on earth.

In the Catholic tradition, simply as there are prayers for the 7 Joys of Mary and Vii Sorrows of Mary, there are also prayers for the seven joys and seven sorrows of Saint Joseph. Saint Joseph is ofttimes invoked for employment, daily protection, vocation, happy marriage, and a happy death.[84] [85] [86]

Multiple venerated Catholics have described their devotion to Saint Joseph and his intercession. Francis de Sales included Saint Joseph along with Virgin Mary as saints to be invoked during prayers in his 1609 book, Introduction to the Devout Life.[87] Teresa of Ávila attributed her recovery of health to Saint Joseph and recommended him as an advocate.[88] Therese of Lisieux stated that she prayed daily to "Saint Joseph, Father and Protector of Virgins" and felt protected from danger equally a effect.[89] Pope Pius X composed a prayer to Saint Joseph which begins:[90]

Glorious St. Joseph, blueprint of all who are devoted to toil,
obtain for me the grace to toil, in the spirit of penance,
in order to thereby atone for my many sins...

At that place is a belief that planting a statue of Saint Joseph on the grounds of a home-for-sale will help sell the business firm.[91]

In art [edit]

Saint Joseph with the Flowering Rod, by Jusepe de Ribera, early 1630s. Ribera conveys the unexpected wonder of the moment with the lighting from higher up. Brooklyn Museum

In mosaics in the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore (432-40) Joseph is portrayed young, disguised and dressed as a Roman of status.[92] Joseph is shown mostly with a bristles, not but in keeping with Jewish custom, but besides because – although the Gospel accounts do non give his historic period – afterward legends tend to nowadays him equally an quondam man at the fourth dimension of his wedding to Mary. Before writers idea the traditional imagery necessary to back up belief in Mary'due south perpetual virginity.[93] Jean Gerson still favoured showing him equally a younger human.[94]

In recent centuries – in step with a growing interest in Joseph's role in Gospel exegesis – he himself has become a focal effigy in representations of the Holy Family. He is now often portrayed as a younger or even youthful man (perhaps especially in Protestant depictions), whether going nigh his work equally a carpenter, or participating actively in the daily life of Mary and Jesus equally an equal and openly affectionate member.[95] Fine art critic Waldemar Januszczak still emphasises the preponderance of Joseph'southward representation every bit an old man and sees this equally the demand:

to explicate abroad his impotence: indeed to symbolise information technology. In Guido Reni's Nativity, Mary is about xv, and he is about 70 – for the real love affair – is the one between the Virgin Mary and united states. She is young. She is perfect. She is virginal – it is Joseph'southward task to stand bated and let us desire her, religiously. It takes a particularly old, a particularly grey, a particularly kindly and a specially feeble man to do that. ...Banished in vast numbers to the backgrounds of all those gloomy stables in all those ersatz Bethlehems, his circuitous iconographic job is to stand aside and let his wife be worshipped by the balance of u.s.a..[96]

However Carolyn Wilson challenges the long-held view that pre-Tridentine images were often intended to demean him.[97] According to Charlene Villaseñor Black, "Seventeenth-century Spanish and Mexican artists reconceptualized Joseph every bit an important figure, ... representing him as the youthful, physically robust, diligent head of the Holy Family."[98] In Bartolomé Esteban Murillo's The 2 Trinities, Saint Joseph is given the same prominence as the Virgin.[ citation needed ]

Full cycles of his life are rare in the Middle Ages, although the scenes from the Life of the Virgin or Life of Christ where he is present are far more often seen. The Mérode Altarpiece of about 1425, where he has a panel to himself, working as a carpenter, is an early example of what remained relatively rare depictions of him pursuing his métier.[ citation needed ]

Some statues of Joseph depict his staff every bit topped with flowers, recalling the not-canonical Gospel of James's business relationship of how Mary's spouse was called by collecting the walking sticks of widowers in Palestine, and Joseph'southward alone bursting into flower, thus identifying him as divinely chosen.[ citation needed ] The Golden Legend, which derives its account from the much older Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, tells a similar story, although information technology notes that all marriageable men of the Davidic line and not only widowers were ordered by the High Priest to present their rods at the Temple. Several Eastern Orthodox Birth icons show Joseph tempted by the Devil (depicted as an former man with furled wings) to break off his betrothal, and how he resists that temptation. In that location are some paintings with him wearing a Jewish hat.[ citation needed ]

Chronology of Saint Joseph's life in fine art [edit]

  • Union to the Virgin, Perugino, c. 1448

Music [edit]

Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Motet de St Joseph, H.368, for soloists, chorus, and continuo (1690)

See also [edit]

  • Marriage of the Virgin
  • Statue of Saint Joseph, Charles Bridge
  • Portal:Cosmic Church patron saint archive

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Domar: the calendrical and liturgical bicycle of the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church 2003, Armenian Orthodox Theological Research Institute, 2002, p. 530-ane.
  2. ^ Boff, Leonardo (2009). Saint Joseph: The Father of Jesus in a Fatherless Order. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 34. ISBN9781606080078. Legal male parent, because he cohabits with Mary, Jesus' mother. Through this title Mary is spared from false suppositions and Jesus from spurious origins.
  3. ^ Bauckham 2015, p. 6-9.
  4. ^ Sanders, E. P. (1995). The Historical Figure of Jesus. London: Penguin. p. 333. ISBN978-0-14-014499-4.
  5. ^ "stjoeshill.org - stjoeshill Resources and Information". ww1.stjoeshill.org.
  6. ^ "St. Joseph Lutheran Church building, Allentown, Pennsylvania". lutherans.com. Archived from the original on iii January 2014.
  7. ^ Thomas H. Kinane (1884). St. Joseph, his life, his virtues [&c.]. A month of March in his honor. p. 214. OCLC 13901748.
  8. ^ Reverend Archdeacon Kinane. "Section VI - The perpetual virginity os St. Joseph". Saint Joseph: His Life, His Virtues, His Privileges, His Ability. Aeterna Press. p. 138. OCLC 972347083. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  9. ^ "Immaculate Virgin, Co-Redemptrix! The Mystical 1 who shall Reunite the Fathers Children". Archived from the original on three Baronial 2020.
  10. ^ "Chaplet and Prayers of the Most Celibate Middle of St. Joseph" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 October 2015.
  11. ^ P. de Letter, "The Theology of Saint Joseph", The Clergy Monthly, March 1955, JSTOR 27656897
  12. ^ For the utilize of the term, run across: James J. Davis, A Thomistic Josephology, 1967, University of Montreal, ASIN B0007K3PL4
  13. ^ "What'southward the Chronological Order of the New Attestation Books?". 2 March 2018.
  14. ^ "Joseph in the Gospels of Mark and John". osjusa.org.
  15. ^ Spong, John Shelby. Jesus for the not-religious. HarperCollins. 2007. ISBN 0-06-076207-i.
  16. ^ Perrotta, Louise B. (2000). Saint Joseph: His Life and His Role in the Church Today. Our Dominicus Visitor Publishing. pp. 21, 110–112. ISBN978-0-87973-573-9.
  17. ^ Souvay, Charles (1910). "St. Joseph". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  18. ^ Henry Alford: Greek Testament, on Luke 3:23. Alford records that many accept thus punctuated the verse, though Alford does not endorse it.
  19. ^ Vermès 2004, pp. i–37.
  20. ^ Vermes, Geza (1981). Jesus the Jew: A Historian's Reading of the Gospels. Philadelphia: Starting time Fortress. p. 20. ISBN978-1451408805.
  21. ^ Ironside, Harry A. (2007). Luke. Kregel Bookish. p. 73. ISBN978-0825496653.
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  23. ^ "techno-". Dictionary.com Unabridged . Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  24. ^ Dickson, 47
  25. ^ Deiss, Lucien (1996). Joseph, Mary, Jesus. Liturgical Press. ISBN978-0814622551.
  26. ^ Fiensy, 68–69
  27. ^ Fiensy, 75–77
  28. ^ Landman, Leo (1979). "The Jewish Quarterly Review New Serial, Vol. lxx, No. 2 (JSTOR)". The Jewish Quarterly Review. 70 (2): 125–128. doi:10.2307/1453874. JSTOR 1453874.
  29. ^ Ehrman, Bart D. Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why. HarperCollins, 2005. ISBN 978-0-06-073817-4
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  32. ^ Sanders terms it a "pocket-sized hamlet." Sanders, E. P. The historical effigy of Jesus. Penguin, 1993. p. 104
  33. ^ Laughlin, 192–194. See also Reed's Chapter 3, pp. 131–134.
  34. ^ Reed, 114–117, quotation p. 115
  35. ^ Reed, Affiliate four in general, pp. 125–131 on the Jewish nature of Sepphoris, and pp. 131–134
  36. ^ Borgen, Peder Johan; Aune, David Edward; Seland, Torrey; Ulrichsen, Jarl Henning (five March 2018). Neotestamentica Et Philonica: Studies in Honour of Peder Borgen. BRILL. ISBN978-9004126107 – via Google Books.
  37. ^ For instance, Dickson, 47
  38. ^ Vermès 2004, pp. 398–417.
  39. ^ Funk, Robert W. and the Jesus Seminar. The acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus. HarperSanFrancisco. 1998. "Birth & Infancy Stories" pp. 497–526.
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  44. ^ Hall, James, Hall's Dictionary of Subjects and Symbols in Fine art, p. 178, 1996 (2nd edn.), John Murray, ISBN 0719541476
  45. ^ a b Everett Ferguson, Michael P. McHugh, Frederick Due west. Norris, commodity "Joseph" in Encyclopedia of early Christianity, Volume 1, p. 629
  46. ^ Luigi Gambero, "Mary and the fathers of the church building: the Blest Virgin Mary in patristic thought" pp. 35–41
  47. ^ CHURCH FATHERS: The History of Joseph the Carpenter . Retrieved 8 Dec 2016.
  48. ^ Cyprus), Saint Epiphanius (Bishop of Constantia in; texts), Frank Williams (Specialist in early Christian; Holl, Karl (2013). The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: De fide. Books Ii and Iii. Leiden [u.a.]: BRILL. p. 622. ISBN978-9004228412.
  49. ^ College, St. Epiphanius of Republic of cyprus; translated by Young Richard Kim, Calvin (2014). Ancoratus sixty:one. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. p. 144. ISBN978-0-8132-2591-3 . Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  50. ^ Williams, translated by Frank (1994). The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Books II and III (Sects 47-80, De Fide) in Sect 78:nine:6. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 607. ISBN9789004098985 . Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  51. ^ Williams, translated past Frank (2013). The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis (Second, revised ed.). Leiden [u.a.]: Brill. p. 36. ISBN9789004228412 . Retrieved eighteen September 2015.
  52. ^ Eusebius of Caesarea, Church History, Volume Three, ch. 11.
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  55. ^ Contra Celsum, trans Henry Chadwick, (Cambridge: Cambridge Academy Press, 1965)
  56. ^ a b The liturgy and time by Irénée Henri Dalmais, Aimé Georges Martimort, Pierre Jounel 1985 ISBN 0-8146-1366-vii page 143
  57. ^ Holy people of the globe: a cantankerous-cultural encyclopedia, Volume iii by Phyllis Thousand. Jestice 2004 ISBN i-57607-355-vi folio 446
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  69. ^ "Tisch". world wide web.clerus.org.
  70. ^ Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 89
  71. ^ 19 March is observed as the Banquet of Saint Joseph, Guardian of Jesus, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, the Wisconsin Synod, and the Evangelical Lutheran Synod. Some Protestant traditions also celebrate this festival.
  72. ^ "The Calendar". The Church of England . Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  73. ^ Jankowski, Nicole (18 March 2017). "Movement Over, St. Patrick: St. Joseph's Feast Is When Italians Parade: The Salt: NPR". NPR. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  74. ^ "Non-Cease New York'south Italianissimo: La Festa di San Giuseppe NYC-Style".
  75. ^ a b Clarkson, Janet (2013). Food History Annual. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 262. ISBN978-1442227156.
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  79. ^ "Pope Francis proclaims "Year of St Joseph" - Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. Vatican News. viii December 2020. Retrieved eighteen Feb 2021.
  80. ^ Francis, Pope. Apostolic Alphabetic character Patris Corde of the Holy Father Francis on the 150th Anniversary of the annunciation of Saint Joseph equally Patron of the Universal Church building (8 December 2020) . Retrieved xviii February 2021.
  81. ^ Leonard Foley OFM Saint of the Solar day, Lives, Lessons, and Banquet, (revised past Pat McCloskey OFM), Franciscan Media, ISBN 978-0-86716-887-seven
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  83. ^ Mention Your Request Here: The Church building's Most Powerful Novenas by Michael Dubruiel, 2000 ISBN 0-87973-341-ane page 154
  84. ^ Devotions to St. Joseph by Susanna Magdalene Flavius, 2008 ISBN one-4357-0948-ix pages 5–xv
  85. ^ "Powerful Novena to St. Joseph for Work, Family, Job, Employment, to Sell House". All Roads Lead to Rome . Retrieved eleven January 2021.
  86. ^ Devotions to St. Joseph from The Catholic Prayer Book and Manual of Meditations by Patrick Francis Moran
  87. ^ Introduction to the Devout Life by St. Francis de Sales ISBN 0-7661-0074-X Kessinger Press 1942 page 297
  88. ^ The interior castle by Saint Teresa of Ávila, Paulist Press 1979, ISBN 0-8091-2254-5 page ii
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  90. ^ Ann Ball, 2003 Encyclopedia of Cosmic Devotions and Practices ISBN 0-87973-910-Ten page 449
  91. ^ Applebome, Peter (16 September 2009). "St. Joseph, Superagent in Real Estate". New York Times . Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  92. ^ "Sacred Artwork – Year of St. Joseph". yearofstjoseph.org.
  93. ^ Stracke, Richard. "Saint Joseph: The Iconography ", Christian Iconography Augusta University, 21 June 2021
  94. ^ Shapiro:six–7
  95. ^ Finding St. Joseph by Sandra Miesel gives a useful business relationship of the changing views of Joseph in art and more often than not in Catholicism
  96. ^ Waldemar Januszczak, "No ordinary Joe", The Dominicus Times, Dec 2003
  97. ^ Wilson, Carolyn C., St. Joseph in Italian Renaissance Society and Art, Saint Joseph's University Press, 2001, ISBN 9780916101367
  98. ^ Black, Charlene Villaseñor, Creating the Cult of St. Joseph, Princeton University Press, 2006, ISBN 9780691096315

Sources [edit]

  • Bauckham, Richard (2015). Jude and the Relatives of Jesus in the Early Church. Bloomsbury. ISBN9781474230476.
  • Ferguson, Everett; Michael P. McHugh, Frederick Westward. Norris, "Joseph" in Encyclopedia of early Christianity, Volume 1, p. 629
  • Crossan, John Dominic. Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography. Harpercollins: 1994. ISBN 0-06-061661-X.
  • Dickson, John. Jesus: A Short Life, Lion Hudson plc, 2008, ISBN 0-8254-7802-ii, ISBN 978-0-8254-7802-4, Internet Archive
  • Fiensy, David A., Jesus the Galilean: soundings in a commencement century life, Gorgias Press LLC, 2007, ISBN 1-59333-313-7, ISBN 978-i-59333-313-3, Google books
  • Vermès, Géza (2004). The authentic gospel of Jesus. London: Penguin Books. ISBN978-0-fourteen-191260-8. OCLC 647043972.

External links [edit]

  • "Eastern Orthodox Tradition: The Righteous Elder Joseph The Betrothed, And His Serenity". swerfes.org. Archived from the original on xiii January 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2006.
  • "Holy Righteous Joseph the Betrothed". (Orthodox icon and synaxarion for the Sunday after Birth)
  • "Eastern Orthodox Tradition: The Righteous Elder Joseph The Betrothed, And His Repose". swerfes.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2006.
  • "Holy Righteous Joseph the Matrimonial". (Orthodox icon and synaxarion for the Lord's day subsequently Nascency)
  • "Saint Joseph, patriarch of Israel and father of Jesus". Archived from the original on three May 2006.
  • "The Life of St. Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary and foster-father of Our Lord Jesus Christ".
  • "Saint Joseph, in the Encyclopædia Britannica". 2010. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008.
  • "The vocation of Saint Joseph". Early Christians. 21 January 2013. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013.
  • "Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Foursquare in Rome". stpetersbasilica.info.
  • "St Joseph Chantry in St Peter'southward Basilica". stpetersbasilica.info.
  • Literature by and nigh Saint Joseph in the German National Library catalogue
  • "Saint Joseph" in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints
  • "Churchly writing Redemptoris Custos by Pope John Paul II". stjosef.at (in German language).
  • "Saint Joseph in fine art". Monumente Online (in German). Archived from the original on 31 December 2015.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Joseph

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